Calculating machine



Aug. 7, 1945 J. FRiEDLANDER 2,381,660

CALCULAT IIiG MACHINE Filed Oct. 30 1941 fight.

INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS.

\ W 755M FR/Ei/Zvff Patented Aug. 7, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CALCULATING MACHINE Jean Friedlander, Brooklyn, Y.

Application October 30, 1941, Serial No 417,063

1 Claim.

This invention relates to calculating machines and has for its object the provision of a simple machine of few parts that can be used for mathematical calculations of the kind usually performed using slide rules and other scales requiring special knowledge and training for their correct use.

Another object is to provide a machine of the class described wherein the scale drums carry means for solving mathematical problems by logarithmic proportions, indicating the desired solution on a dial or dials which may be provided with verniers for close reading.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following specification and drawing wherein, by way of illustration, a preferred embodiment of the invention is disclosed. It will be understood that many modifications can be made from this specific embodiment once the inventive concept is understood, without, however, departing from the scope of the appended claim.

In the accompanying drawing:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a machine embodying the invention.

Figure 2 is a view partly in section on the line 2-2, Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a sectional view through one of the dials approximately on the line 3-3, Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a sectional view on the line 4-4, Figure 1.

A suitable framework on base III supports all of the other parts and upon this are mounted in any manner or formed integral therewith, the

supports II, I2, I3, I4, for the shafts I5, I6, supporting cylinders ll, I8.

Cylinder I1 is secured to shaft I5 and rotates with it in fixed position between bearing supports II, I2. This cylinder has formed within or upon its outer surface a means such as the groove I3 which is laid out in the form of a simple logarith mic curve to control the transverse movements of arm 20, which, in the embodiment here shown has a pin 2|, which rides in groove I9.

A dial 22 is rigidly secured to shaft I5 so as to turn therewith and is provided with an annular vernier dial 23 which is frictionally supported on the bearing II as shown at 23a, Figure 3, so that it remains stationary as 22 moves, yet can be adjusted about 22 as desired to take any desired vernier reading at any point thereon.

The cylinder I8 is slidably mounted on shaft I5 which has a spline or groove 24 therein engaged by a pin 25 in the cylinder, so that the cylinder, while free to slide along the shaft, cannot rotate thereon but can turn therewith.

The cylinder I8 is positioned between the arms 26, 21, of a sliding yoke 28 mounted to slide freely on a shaft 29, mounted in supports 30, 3|. A clamp screw 32 in the yoke enables it to be clamped in any desired position on shaft 29.

A dial 33 is secured to the outer end of shaft I6 and rotates therewith. A vernier dial 34 is mounted adjacent dial 33. The arrangement of both dials and verniers on cylinders I1 and I8 is the same except, if desired, the graduations 0r markings on the dials may differ and be of any desired character.

The arm 20 extends downwards as shown at 20c and the lower pin 2Ia in same engages a groove 35, similar to or complementary to groove I9 in the cylinder I1. The arm 20 is supported on a slide 36 freely movable along the shaft 31 held in the supports 38, 39. The arm 20, 20a forms a connector between the cylinders I1 and I8 whereby one cylinder is moved by moving the other.

The machine having been assembled as just described, and assuming that the grooves I9, 35, are simple logarithmic curves, and that the numbers on dials 22, 33, are spaced 40 degrees apart and correspond so that any number on a dial will represent that II (or I8) has moved to a position which corresponds to that number from origin of curve 0, parallel to the axis of the cylinder-then the machine may be operated as follows:

To multiply (3 2=6): Place dials with their numeral 1 on the beginning of their vernier,

scales as a reference or starting point: turn dial 22 to 3, which willmove arm 20 over a logarithmic distance 3 via groove I9. Arm 20a will have moved cylinder I3 a similar distance along shaft 24, but dial 33 will remain at 1 and 20a will remain at beginning of groove 35. Lock cylinder l8 in position on shaft I6 by tightening clamp 32 on shaft 29.

Rotate dial 33 to 2. This rotates cylinder I8 as it can no longer slide along shaft I6, being held by yoke 28 on shaft 29. Cylinder I8 therefore will move the logarithmic distance equal to 2. This moves arm 20a20 and thereby rotates cylinder ll until the number 6 is at the vernier starting point on dial 22. thus obtaining the de sired answer in three simple mechanical operations.

To divide (6:3=2): Set dial 22 on number 6. Set dial 33 on number 3. Since arm 20a is held fixed because of the position of cylinder I! and arm 20, cylinder II is caused to rotate and slide and 20a will now be at logarithmic distance equal to 3 from origin curve. Lock cylinder ll by clamp 12 so that cylinder cannot slidebut only rotate. Turn dial 3! back to number one (1), which movement will rotate drum II and move arm III, "a to the leit, Figure 1. This movement of the arm will rotate drum l1 and dial 2! to number two (2), which is the desired answer.

In performing the foregoing it will be observed that the logarithmic distance of 3 has been subtracted from the logarithmic distance of 6 leaving logarithmic distance of 2.

Those skilled in the art will readily perceive how, by various modifications of scales and dial markings, the machine can be used for a large number of various calculations using any desired values and any desired configuration of the grooves l9-l5. The curves can be repeated around the cylinders and the dials can be made of any desired diameter to obtain wide spacing and ease of vernier readings and micrometer verniers can be used if desired.

For square or cube root the curves is and 35 could be modified. Curve 35 would be one-half or one-third the axial length of curve l9. Then when pin 2i on arm 20 is at the position 2 on drum H, the pin Ila will be at position I on drum ll ii a cube root curve is being used.

To facilitate the manipulation of the machine, the arms 20, 200 can be made flexible and provided with the knobs 40, 4|, whereby they can be squeezed together by the fingers to lift the pins 2|, ila, out o! the grooves so that the cylinders can be independently moved. Knobs 42 can be attached to the dials as shown to rotate them and their associated cylinders.

-It will be understood that, when the word "cylinder" is used throughout this specification and in the claim, any rotatable member is meant thereby. For example, instead of the cylinders i1 and II, cones could be used or fiat discs. Such modifications are obvious and require but slight changes in the shape of the parts and none in the inventive concept herein disclosed.

What is claimed is:

In a calculating machine, a base, a rotatable cylinder, a second rotatable cylinder, shafts supporting said cylinders on said base, said second cylinder being bodily shiftable along its supporting shalt, means providing a shiitable mounting for said second cylinder on its shalt comprising means for preventing movement of said cylinder therealong, means for transmitting bodily movement to the second cylinder upon rotation oi the first cylinder when said preventing means is ineflective, and for transmitting rotary movement to the first cylinder upon rotation of the second cylinder when said preventing means is eilective, and separate indicating means including a dial connected to each cylinder and rotatable therewith whereby the relative positions of said cylinders may be visually determined.

JEAN FRIEDIANDER. 

